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| 1040 |
| | | In a battle near Elgin Macbeth kills his cousin Duncan, a rival claimant to the Scottish throne | |
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| 1057 |
| | | Duncan's son, Malcolm, kills Macbeth in battle at Lumphanan - and in the following year is himself crowned at Scone | |
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| c. 1136 |
| | | Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty | |
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| 1174 |
| | | The Scottish king, William the Lion, is captured raiding into Northumberland and is taken south with his feet tied beneath his horse | |
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| 1263 |
| | | A Scottish victory over the Norwegians at Largs results in the recovery of the western isles | |
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| 1289 |
| | | Edward I of England arranges for his 5-year-old heir to marry Margaret the Maid of Norway, the 7-year-old heiress to the kingdom of Scotland | |
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| 1290 |
| | | The death of Margaret, child heiress to the Scottish throne, results in John de Balliol being chosen as king | |
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| 1296 |
| | | Edward I invades Scotland, massacres the people of Berwick, captures John de Balliol and brings to Westminster the Stone of Scone | |
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| 1297 |
| | | William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge enables him to rule Scotland on behalf of John de Balliol | |
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| 1298 |
| | | The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk | |
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